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Jean-Marie Déguignet (19 July 1834〔(Site officiel de Jean-Marie Déguignet - Édité par ARKAE )〕 – 29 August 1905) was a Breton soldier, farmer, salesman, shopkeeper, and writer who is best known for his memoirs illuminating the life of the rural poor of 19th-century France. == Life == Déguignet was born into a farming family in south-west Brittany.〔.〕 He spent time in the army — he was posted as far away as Mexico — and fought in the Crimea.〔.〕 His love of learning, and the extensive and eclectic nature of his studies and travel while a young man, led him to freethought and atheism.〔. The editor of , Bernez Rouz, notes in his introduction that Déguignet lost his faith as a soldier while "on furlough in Jerusalem, () revolted by the commercial practices around pilgrimage."〕 In 1868, having finished his last stint in the military and accumulated some respectable savings, he returned with his money to his childhood home of Quimper.〔 There he reluctantly married the 19-year-old daughter of a farmer's widow in Toulven (south of Quimper), where he converted a struggling farm successfully to dairy with the help of the modern farming techniques he had picked up during the first half of the 1850s.〔. Trying to end the marriage, he portrayed himself to his post-marital landlord as "a republican of the most advanced sort, and in religion a freethinker, a philosophic friend to humankind and … the declared enemy of all gods, who are only imaginary creatures, and priests who are only charlatans and knaves" and attempted to offend the clerics whose sanction of the nuptials was required. See , and commentary on the remark by .〕 He stayed on his farm at Toulven for fifteen years, but was then evicted for his persistent and prominent Republican agitation.〔 His views meant he was unable to secure tenancy elsewhere and he was unluckily run over by his own cart. During his convalescence, his wife, by now an alcoholic, bought a bar and left Déguignet to bring up their children alone. He turned to selling insurance, but soon had to take full-time care of his wife, who had drunk herself into very serious ill health. She died and the widowed Déguignet switched to selling tobacco from a shop in a parish west of Quimper. His retail tenancy was not renewed, however, and a local priest saw to it that he was denied the opportunity to rent an alternative shop. Déguignet spent his remaining years living in poverty in and around Quimper. Worse, he went without the support of his children, who, he believed, had been turned against him by their mother's family. The insatiably curious autodidact and former farming success even attempted suicide.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean-Marie Déguignet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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